*泉武会に伝わる15の型の説明 Explanation of 15 Kata handed down to Senbukai
① 泉武の撃砕初段 Senbuno Gekisai-shodan
昭和15(1940)年に、宮城長順が青少年の体育向上の為に創作した入 門型であり、擊砕第一と呼ばれている。泉武会では『泉武の擊砕初段』の呼称を使い、 型は、初代宗家が左右対称の演武線上に技を構成し直し、よりダイナミックな型になっています。
It is an introductory Kata created by Chojun Miyagi to improve the physical the physical education of young people in 1940, and is called the Gekisai-Daiichi. At Senbukai, is changed the name "Senbuno Gekisai-shodan", and the Kata is reconstructed on a symmetrical performance line by 1st Soke, making it a more dynamic.
② 泉武の撃砕弐段 Senbuno Gekisai-Nidan
昭和15(1940)年に、宮城長順が第一に続く二番目の型として創作し 擊砕第二と呼ばれている。第一が握拳なのに対し一部開掌を使い若干高度な動きになっている。泉武会では『泉武の撃砕弐段』の呼称を使っており、初段と同様に初代宗家が若干改変しています。型は、初段と同じく左右対称の演武線上で技が構成されており、初めから最後の動作迄、開掌技を使う所に特徴があります。
It was created in 1940 by Chojun Miyagi as the second Kata following the first, and is called the Gekisai-Daini. The Senbukai uses the name "Senbuno Gekisai-Nidan", and the first Soke has slightly modified it in the same way as the first Kata. As with the first Kata, is reconstructed on a symmetrical performance line by 1st Soke, and is characterized by using the open palm techniques from the beginning to the final movement.
③ 泉武の撃砕参段 Senbuno Gekisai-Sandan
初代の意志を継ぎ、平成13(2001)年に『泉武の擊砕初段』を基に三 代目が創作。初段より、更に高度な接近攻防・転身動作等が組み込まれて構成されています。
Inheriting the will of 1st Soke, 3rd Soke created it in 2001 based on "Senbuno Gekisai-shodan". From the Kata "Shodan", it is composed of more advanced offense and defense, footwork, etc.
④ 泉武の撃砕四段 Senbuno Gekisai-Yondan
参段と同様に初代の意志を継ぎ、平成13(2001)年に『泉武の擊砕弐段』を基に三代目が創作。弐段より、更に高度な接近攻防・転身動作そして泉武会に伝わる掌底技法の一部が組み込まれて構成されています。
Inheriting the will of 1st Soke like Kata "Nidan", 3rd Soke created it in 2001 based on "Senbuno Gekisai-Nidan" From the Kata "Nidan", it is composed of more advanced offense and defense, footwork, and some of techniques of "Shotei-giho" that are handed down to Senbukai.
⑤ 最破 Saifa
全日本空手道連盟の第一指定型(形)であります。泉武会の伝承型との違いがいくつか見られ、例えば初めの左右の転身に伴う肘と裏拳の使い方を比較して見 ると、全空連では掴まれた手首を力で引き抜くのに対し、泉武会では、掴まれた部位に体を寄せ、相手に力反応を起こさせないように外します。次の裏拳動作は、全空連の直線的な打ちに対し、泉武会では、接近戦を想定し肘を下から 上に引き抜き、手首を鞭の様に使って打ちます。
It is the "Shiteigata (stipulated Kata) of the JKF. There are some differences from the traditional Senbukai’s Kata. For example, compare how to use the elbow and Uraken during first left and right movements. In the JKF, pull out with power the grasped wrist by the opponent. In Senbukai, the body is brought close to the opponent's grasped wrist and removed so as not to cause a power reaction to the opponent. Next Uraken motion, in contrast to the straight line striking of the JKF, Senbukai assumes a close fight, pulls out the elbow from the bottom to the top, and strikes with the wrist like a whip.
⑥ 征遠鎮 Seienchin
初期の頃は、制引戦と書かれていた。字の如く、手首や首(襟)を引き込んで相手を制する技が多く見られる。戦前に当時の世相を反映して遠くを征服し鎮めるという意味を与え、征遠鎮と表記するようになり、現在は、両方の表記を使っている。この型は蹴り技が全くなく、前腕と手首をしなやかに使う所に、逆技の極意である『柔の呼吸法に伴う柔らく淀みのない粘りのある力』の使い方が隠されています。
In the early days, it was written as "制引戦”. Like the Chinese character, there are many techniques to pull (引:means pull) in the wrist and neck to control the opponent. Before the war, it was given the meaning of conquering (征:means conquer) distant (遠:means distant) and calming (鎮:means calm) the enemy, reflecting the social situation at that time, and it came to be written as "征遠鎮”. Currently, both representations ("制引鎮"and"征遠鎮") are used. This Kata has no kicks, and the forearm and wrists are used flexibly, and the secret and the secret of the locking joint technique, "the soft and sticky power that accompanies the soft breathing method," is hidden.
⑦ 三十六手(サンセール) Sanseru
宮城長順が兵役に就いていた為、許田重発のみが東恩納寛量から習ったと言われている。泉武会の三十六手は、比嘉世幸系統から初代宗家に伝わった。昭和33 (1958)年頃に初代宗家の高弟、吉丸慶雪氏が大分県の許田宅に訪問し許田系の三十六手を習い泉武会に持ち帰った。昭和35(1960)年に行われた泉武会の創立20周年演武大会に於いて、吉丸氏が古流三十六手として演武をしている。残念ながら現在、泉武会に伝わっている型は、比嘉系統なのか許田系統なのか定かではありません。
It is said that only Juhatsu Kyoda learned from Kanryo Higaonna because Chojun Miyagi was in military service. Senbukai's Sanseru were handed down to the first Soke from the Seko Higa genealogy. Around 1958, Keisetsu Yoshimaru, disciple of the 1st Soke, visited Juhatsu Kyoda in Oita prefecture. He learned Sanseru from Kyoda, and brought it back to the Senbukai. On the 20th anniversary of the founding of the Senbukai, which was held in 1960, Keisetsu Yoshimaru performed as "Koryu (means old-style) Sanseru". Unfortunately, it is uncertain whether the Kata currently handed down to the Senbukai is the Higa or Kyoda.
⑧ 志荘鎮 Shisochin
セイエンチンと同様の事情で、戦前に四向戦から志(士)荘鎮と表記されるようになり現在に至っている。腰の鋭い切り返しの動作、掴みから腕抑えの崩し技、掴まれた手首の外し技、前後左右四方向への連続押え受け、前腕(小手)の柔らかい使い方等に特徴があります。
Due to the same circumstances as Seiunchin, it has been written from "四向戦” to "志(士)荘鎮" before the war, it has reached the present. It is characterized by the sharp turning motion of the waist, the technique of grasping the opponent's wrist and press the elbow to break balance, the technique to remove the wrist that the opponent grasped, the continuous Osaeuke in four directions, and technique to use the forearm with soft power.
⑨ 十八手(セーパイ) Sepai
この型は、接近戦における攻防技・逆技・外し技・関節技等の護身術的技法が多く含まれている。例えば、始めの動作の手首を掴まれた外し技には、相手に力反応を起させない高度な技法が含まれ、また途中の猫足からの動作には、立居での腕拉ぎ十字固めの技法が含まれている。金城昭夫氏の説によると、終盤の中高一本拳の用法や、初動の四股立ち姿勢で右手を伸ばす姿は、龍が炎の如き長い舌を出して咆哮している様子を表し、中国龍拳の影響が見られると言う。
This Kata includes many self-defense techniques in close infight such as offensive and defensive techniques, Gyaku-waza, Hazushi-waza : removal techniques, and joint-lock techniques. For example, the removal technique (Hazushi-waza) in which the wrist of the first movement is grasped includes a high level technique that does not cause a power reaction to the opponent. In addition, the movement from the Nekoashi on the way includes the technique of squeezing the arms (Tachi-Jujigatame) while standing. According to Mr. Akio Kinjo's theory, the usage of the Nakadaka-Iponken at around the end of the Kata and the appearance of stretching the right hand in the first Shikodachi posture represent that the dragon is roaring with a long tongue like a flame. It is said that the influence of the Ryuken of China.
⑩ 来留破(クルルンファ) kururunfa
高段者になって習得する剛柔流を代表する型の一であり、入身からの攻防、掴みと投げの技法、腰の力の伝達技法等に特徴が見られる。例えば、腰の力を背中を通して前腕から掌に伝える独特の力伝達技法、転身を伴って裏受けから入身に入る技法、また合気道の四方投げと同様の技法等があり、そこには剛柔流独特の逆技と投げ技の奥義があります。
It is one of the representative Kata of Goju-ryu that can learn by becoming a high-ranking level, and is characterized by grasping and throwing techniques, waist's power transmission techniques, and offense and defense with Irimi (entering). For example, a unique power transmission technique that transfer the power of the waist through the one's back and from the forearms to the palm, there are a orinal technique of Gojuryu to enter from the Nekoashi-footwork, and a technique similar to the Shiho-nage of Aikido, and the Gyaku-waza and throwing technique. For example, a unique powe transmission technique that transfer the power of the waist through the one's back and from the forearms to the palm. There are a original technique of Gojuryu to enter from the Nekoashi-footwork, and a technique similar to the Shiho-nage of Aikido, and the Gyaku-waza and throwing technique.
⑪ 十三手(セイサン) Seisan
剛柔流を代表する型の一つであります。初動の受けからの突きは、「セイサン拳」とも言われ一撃必倒(所謂、発勁打法)の技法が入っています。次の両手を上下に使う動作は、狸や猫が前足で顔を拭う動きに似ているので狸猫洗面(通称:猫洗面)と言い、続く両手を円相に張り出す前腕の使い方には、相手に力反応を起させない呼吸法と力抜きの技法が隠されています。最後の動作は、誘いの前蹴りから相手の攻撃を迎え打つ後の先の技法であります。
It is one of the representative Kata of Goju-ryu. From the defense to the Tsuki (punch) of the first action of Kata is also called "Seisan-ken" and contains the technique of Hakkei-daho (KO with one blow). The next movement of using both hands up and down is similar to the movement of a raccoon dog or a cat wiping its face with its front legs, so it is called Ribyo-senmen (commonly known as Byo-senmen). The next movement of the forearm, which projects both hands like a circle, are hidden the breathing method and Chikara-nuki (the technique of relaxing the power ), that the opponent can not react to the power. The final movement is the technique Gono-sen (action after the opponent's offense) from Sasoino-keri (the front kick of lead on).
⑫ 壱百零八手(スーパーリンペイ) Suparinpei
剛柔流の最高峰の型で一般にスーパーリンペーと呼ばれ、初期の頃はペッチューリン(百歩連)とも呼ばれていた。上・中・下三つの型から構成されていて、伝承されている型はそのうちの一つであり、技の数は、其々36手で上・中・下合せて108手になると言われています。初めの両手を広げるの動作は、大きな鳥が羽を広げ周囲を威嚇する様子を表していると言われている。技の特徴としては諸手技(夫婦手)が多く、その使い方には、力の緩急と剛柔・高速技法・発勁打法・瞬間脱力そして剛と柔の呼吸法による小手の使い方等、多くの奥義が隠されています。金城昭夫氏によると、スーパーリンペーと呼ぶようになったのは、宮城長順が福州に拳法研究で渡航した時に「壱百零八歩(福州方言でソパーリンパイ)」の型があるのを知って、沖縄訛りの「スーパーリンペイ」と新たに名づけたのでないかという。
It is the highest Kata of Goju-ryu and is generally called Suparinpei (壱百零八手), and in the early days it was also called Pechurin (百歩連). It is composed of three Katas, upper, middle, and lower, and the traditional Kata is one of them, and it is said that the number of techniques is 36 for each and total 108 for upper, middle, and lower. The first movement of spreading both hands is said to represent a large bird spreading its wings and threatening the surroundings. Characteristic of the technique are the using both hands techniques (Meotode). And there are many ways to use both hands, such as soft and hard power, high-speed technique, Hakkei-daho (KO with one blow), relax in an instant, and use strong and soft breathing methods to convey the Chi to the forehands and fingertips. According to Mr. Akio Kinjo, the reason why he came to call it Supa Rinpei is that when Chojun Miyagi traveled to Foochow (福州) for Kenpo research, he found that there was a similar Kata of "壱百零八手" (Soparinpai in Foochow dialect), and it is said that it may have been newly named "Suparinpei" with an Okinawan accent.
⑬ 白鶴(ハッカク) Hakkaku
中国鶴拳法の門派の一つである永春白鶴拳には、主に手刀や貫手・掌底等を使う技法が多く、握拳が少ない。沖縄に伝わったこの型は、詠春拳の套路が沖繩化されて現在の形になったのであろう。泉武会に伝わる白鶴は、戦後に沖縄の比嘉世幸の高弟玉城寿英か二代目宗家に伝ったのであります。
Eishun Hakkakuken, one of the main schools of the Chinese Kung-fu, has many techniques that mainly use Shuto, Nukite, and Shotei, and there are few Akken (fist). This Kata, which was brought to Okinawa, It may have become Okinawa-style from Eishunken-Kata. Hakkaku was handed down to 2nd Soke from Juei Tamashiro, a high-rank disciple of Seko Higa in Okinawa after the war to Senbukai.
⑭ 三戦(サンチン) Sanchin
三戦は、東恩納寛量が中国から伝えた基本の鍛錬型であります。初めは、素早く貫手で突いて掌を返しながら引いて構え、呼吸音を表に出さなかったが、後に貫手を握拳に、そして動作をゆっくりと行うように変えた。その後、宮城長順が現在の様な力強い呼吸法に変えたのである。鍛錬の目的は、立ち方・姿勢・歩法・呼吸法・力の強弱と伝達法・身体の剛体化と気の集中・体幹の鍛錬・基本の手技の構え等を修得する事であります。自得する事は、困難なので良師から正しい技法を学ぶ必要があります。三戦は、剛の呼吸法であり、息を吸う時は膝を螺旋状に外に張り、続いて会陰を上げて(骨盤を上げる)腹式・胸式・肩式呼吸と連続して最大限に空気(気・エネルギー)を取り込みます。そ時、肩を上げずに気を丹田に溜める様に意識する。息を吐く時は、骨盤を下げ腰背部から胸背部へと気(力)を廻し、更に肩甲骨を落として上腕・肘・前腕・拳へと気(力)を伝え、最後に腕の内側を伸ばし骨盤を引き上げ、強い吐気に伴い丹田を強く締め身体全体を瞬間的に強く締める。呼吸は、動作に合せてゆっくりと途切れずに最後に強く吐きます。
Sanchin is the basic training Kata that Kanryo Higaonna brought from China. In the early days, pushed swiftly it with Nukite and pull the elbow and replace the palm., and didn't make a breathing sound. Later, changed the hand to a fist, and then to move the hands slowly. After that, Chojun Miyagi changed to the current powerful breathing method. The purpose of training is to learn how to stand, posture, way of gait, breathing, strength and transmission of power, rigid body and concentration of Chi, training of the trunk, and basic defense form. It is difficult to master by yourself, so you need to learn the correct technique from a good master. Sanchin is Go (rigid, strong) breathing methods, and when breathe in, the knees (legs) are spirally stretched out, and then raise the perineum (raise the pelvis), and takes in air (Chi, energy) to the limit with continuous with abdominal, chest, and shoulder breathing. At that time, be conscious of concentrating Chi (energy) in tanda without raising the shoulders. When breath out, lower the pelvis and transfer the Chi (power, energy) from the back of the waist to the back of the chest, then drop the shoulder blades to transmit the Chi to the upper arm, elbow, forearm, and fist. Finally, stretch the inside of the arm and pull up the pelvis, tighten Tanda strongly with strong breath, and momentarily tighten the whole body. Breathing is slow, uninterrupted, and finally breath out strongly fitting the movement.
⑮ 転掌(テンショー) Tensho
転掌は、宮城長順が剛柔流に伝わる白鶴拳の秘伝書「武備誌」のなかに図解されている六機手(6種類の手技の総称)を研究し創作した。昭和の初期まで六機手と呼ばれていたが、後に手首の捻りや掌と前腕の回転が多く使われる特徴から「転掌」と呼ばれるようになった。三戦の剛の呼吸法に対し、柔の呼吸法で身体を柔らかく締め、前腕・手首・五指を剛から柔へ緩やかに変化させる所に剛柔流の奥義が隠されています。肘・前腕・手首の柔らかく張りのある使い方は、泉武会の特徴となっています。吸気と吐気は三戦と同様に行いますが、身体内部の締めは三戦の70~80%程にして、小手(前腕)と手首・指先に力(気)を集中させ伸筋力の伝達と制御法を会得します。力と力の衝突を避け相手に力反応を起こさせない技法が転掌の中に隠されているのです。三戦同様、自得するのは困難なので良師から正しい技法を学ぶ必要があります。
Chojun Miyagi researched the Rokkishu (generic term for six hand techniques) illustrated in the secret book "Bubishi" of Hakutsuruken, which is handed down in Goju-ryu, and created Tensho. Until the early Showa Era, it was called Rokkishu, but later it came to be called "Tensho" because of the characteristics of twisting the wrist and rotating the palm and forearm. Secret techniques of Tensho is hidden in the place where the body is softly tightened by the soft breathing method and the forearm, elbow, wrist, palm and fingertips are slowly changed from rigid (strong) to soft, as opposed to the breathing method of Sanchin. Way of using the soft and taut (stretched) of the elbows, forearm and wrists is a characteristic of Senbukai. Breathe in and out are performed in the same way as in Sanchin, but the internal tightening of the body is about 70 to 80% of Sanchin, and concentrated the Chi (energy) on the Kote (forearms) and wrists / fingertips. And learn to way of transmit of the extensor power, and the control. The technique of avoiding the collision of power and not causing the opponent to react with power is hidden in Tensho. As with Sanchin, it is difficult to master by yourself, so you need to learn the correct technique from a good master.